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Senegalese wrestling (''Njom'' in Serer, ''Lutte sénégalaise'' in French, ''Laamb'' in Wolof, ''Siɲɛta'' in Bambara) is a type of folk wrestling traditionally performed by the Serer people and now a national sport in Senegal and parts of The Gambia, and is part of a larger West African form of traditional wrestling (fr. ''Lutte Traditionnelle'').〔For example, see the Nigerian variant: Jolijn Geels. Niger. Bradt London and Globe Pequot New York (2006). ISBN 1-84162-152-8 pp.77-8.〕 The Senegalese form traditionally allows blows with the hands (''frappe''), the only one of the West African traditions to do so. As a larger confederation and championship around Lutte Traditionnelle has developed since the 1990s, Senegalese fighters now practice both forms, called officially ''Lutte Traditionnelle sans frappe'' (for the international version) and ''Lutte Traditionnelle avec frappe'' for the striking version.〔(Government of Senegal: COMITE NATIONAL DE GESTION DE LA LUTTE ).〕 ==History== It takes its root from the wrestling tradition of the Serer people - formally a preparatory exercise for war among the warrior classes depending on the technique.〔Senghor, Léopold Sédar, Brunel, Pierre, ''Poésie complète'', CNRS éditions, 2007, p 425, ISBN 2-271-06604-2〕〔Tang, Patricia, ''Masters of the sabar: Wolof griot percussionists of Senegal'', p144. Temple University Press, 2007. ISBN 1-59213-420-3〕 In Serer tradition, wrestling is divided into different techniques with ''mbapate'' being one of them. It was also an initiation rite among the Serers, the word ''Njom'' derives from the Serer principle of Jom (from Serer religion), meaning heart or honour in the Serer language.〔 Gravrand, Henry : (''"L’HERITAGE SPIRITUEL SEREER : VALEUR TRADITIONNELLE D’HIER, D’AUJOURD’HUI ET DE DEMAIN"'' ) () Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-africaine, 3e trimestre 1982〕〔Gravrand, Henry, ''La Civilisation Sereer, Pangool.'' Les Nouvelles Edition Africaines. 1990, p 40〕 The ''Jom'' principle covers a huge range of values and beliefs including economic, ecological, personal and social values. Wrestling stems from the branch of ''personal values'' of the Jom principle.〔 One of the oldest known and recorded wrestler in Senegambia was Boukar Djilak Faye (a Serer) who lived in the 14th century in the Kingdom of Sine. He was the ancestor of the Faye Paternal Dynasty of Sine and Saloum (both Kingdoms in present-day Senegal).〔Diouf, Niokhobaye. ''"Chronique du royaume du Sine."'' Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, p 4(p 706), (1972)〕 The ''njom'' wrestling spectacle was usually accompanied by the ''kim njom'' - the chants made by young Serer women in order to reveal their gift of ''"poetry"'' (''ciid'' in Serer〔 ''Ciid'' means poetry in Serer, it can also mean ''the reincarnated or the dead who seek to reincarnate'' in Serer religion. Two chapters are devoted to this by Faye see: *Faye, Louis Diène, '' Mort et Naissance Le Monde Sereer,'' Les Nouvelles Edition Africaines (1983), p 34, ISBN 2-7236-0868-9〕 ). The Wolof word for wrestling - ''Laamb'', derives from the Serer language ''Fara-Lamb Siin'' (''Fara'' of Mandinka origin whilst ''Lamb'' of Serer origin) the chief griot who used to beat the ''tam-tam'' of Sine called ''Lamb'' or ''Laamb'' in Serer.〔Faye, Louis Diène, '' Mort et Naissance Le Monde Sereer,'' Les Nouvelles Edition Africaines (1983), p 34, ISBN 2-7236-0868-9. *Not to be confused with the ''Paar'' - the chief Serer griot who used to beat the tam-tam (there are different kinds of tam-tams in Serer; each one has their purpose and the special occasions they should be used) when a important person dies (see page 22).〕 The ''lamb'' was part of the music accompaniment of wrestling in pre-colonial times as well as after Senegal's independence. It was also part of the ''Njuup'' tradition (a conservative Serer music repertoire, the progenitor of Mbalax〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nelson Mandela: Latter day saint - Prospect Magazine )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Youssou N'Dour: An Unlikely Politician )〕〔 Agence de Presse Sénégalaise (APS) ( ''"Rémi Diégane Dioh présente samedi son CD dédié à Senghor"'' )〕). Transcending ethnic groups, the sport enjoys the status of national sport.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Official Home Page of the Republic of Sénégal )〕 Traditionally, young men also used to fight as a distraction, to court wives, prove their manliness, and bring honor to their villages. Usually each wrestler (called mbër) performed a particular dance (called a bàkk) before the start of the combat. Today it is very popular in the country as an indication of male athletic strength and ability. Presently, wrestling is arranged by business-promoters who offer prizes for the winners. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Senegalese wrestling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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